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How to Create Backfillable Qualitative Questions

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Written by Amer Shalan
Updated today

How to Create Backfillable Qualitative Questions

Introduction

Backfillable Qualitative Questions (QQs) allow you to use AI to analyze historical ticket conversations at scale. Instead of manually reviewing thousands of tickets, you can define a question — such as "Was the customer satisfied with the resolution?" or "Did the agent follow the greeting script?" — and let the AI evaluate each ticket conversation automatically.

With backfillable questions, you can:

  • Analyze historical data — Run your question against tickets that have already been resolved, not just new ones going forward.

  • Surface trends — Identify patterns in customer sentiment, agent behavior, or process compliance across large volumes of tickets.

  • Power dashboard widgets — Use backfillable questions as data sources in your Dynamic Dashboards for reporting and visualization.

This guide walks you through every step of creating a backfillable qualitative question, from initial setup to monitoring your first backfill run.


Before You Begin

Before you can create backfillable qualitative questions, make sure all of the following are in place:

  • QQ Backfills feature is enabled for your account — Ask your Qvasa account manager to enable the QQ Backfills feature on your account. This is a one-time setup step.

  • Your user account has an Admin or Owner role — Only admins and owners can create and manage backfillable questions.

  • Your user has the QQ Backfills permission — Have your account admin enable the "QQ Backfills" permission for your user profile.

  • Your user account is activated — Your account must be in an active state.

Note: If any of these prerequisites are missing, the buttons to create backfillable questions will simply not appear on the AI Analysis page. You will not see an error message. If you do not see the "Create" buttons described in Step 1, check with your account admin or Qvasa account manager to verify that all prerequisites are met.

Planning Tips

Before diving in, take a few minutes to plan your question:

  • Decide what you want to measure. Are you measuring customer sentiment, agent adherence to a script, whether a specific topic was discussed, or something else?

  • Choose the right question type. If you need a nuanced scale (positive / neutral / negative), use a Basic Score Question. If you need a simple yes/no determination, use a Two-Choice Question.

  • Draft your response options in advance. Option values become permanently locked once you enable the question for backfill, so plan them carefully before you begin.


Step 1: Choose Your Question Type

Navigate to the AI Analysis page. At the top of the page, you will see two blue buttons:

  • Create Basic Score Question (Backfillable)

  • Create Two-Choice Question (Backfillable)

Basic Score Question

A Basic Score Question has four response options, each with a built-in score:

Option

Score

Color

Positive

3

Green

Neutral

2

Blue

Negative

1

Red

Unknown

0

Gray

Best for: Measuring sentiment, satisfaction, quality, or any dimension where you need a graduated scale.

Example questions:

  • "Was the customer satisfied with the resolution?"

  • "How well did the agent handle the customer's complaint?"

  • "What was the overall tone of the customer during the conversation?"

Two-Choice Question

A Two-Choice Question has two response options: a Primary Option and a Fallback Option.

Best for: Binary determinations — yes/no, present/absent, compliant/non-compliant.

Example questions:

  • "Did the agent offer a discount or credit?"

  • "Was a product return initiated during this conversation?"

  • "Did the customer mention a competitor by name?"

Click the button for your chosen question type to proceed to the creation form.


Step 2: Create Your Question

The creation form includes a progress indicator at the top showing four steps: Create Question > Review Options > AI Review > Activate.

A banner at the top reminds you: "What gets analyzed: Ticket Conversations." Backfillable questions analyze the full conversation thread of each ticket.

Fill out the following fields:

Question Name

  • This is the display name that appears in dashboards and reports.

  • Maximum 40 characters.

  • Must be unique within your account — no two questions can share the same name.

  • Choose something descriptive and concise (e.g., "Customer Satisfaction", "Discount Offered", "Escalation Needed").

Question for the AI

  • This is the prompt that the AI will use to evaluate each ticket conversation.

  • Be specific and unambiguous. The clearer your question, the more accurate the AI's responses will be.

  • Good example: "Based on the conversation, was the customer satisfied with the resolution provided by the agent? Consider the customer's final messages and any explicit feedback."

  • Weak example: "Was the customer happy?"

Additional Context (Optional)

  • Use this field to provide extra guidance to the AI.

  • This is helpful for domain-specific terminology, edge cases, or clarifying what should be considered.

  • Example: "Consider only the customer's messages, not the agent's. If the customer did not explicitly express satisfaction or dissatisfaction, classify as Neutral."

When you are ready, click Submit to proceed.


Step 3: Define Response Options

After submitting the question, you will define the response options the AI can choose from.

For Basic Score Questions

You will see four colored panels, one for each option:

  • Positive (Green, Score 3)

  • Neutral (Blue, Score 2)

  • Negative (Red, Score 1)

  • Unknown (Gray, Score 0)

For Two-Choice Questions

You will see two panels:

  • Primary Option (Green)

  • Fallback Option (Gray)

Filling Out Each Option

Each option requires:

  1. Option Value (Required) — A machine-readable identifier used internally for data storage and reporting.

    • Must use lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores only (e.g., very_satisfied, agent_offered_discount).

    • Must be unique across your entire account — not just within this question, but across all questions in your account.

    • Maximum 60 characters.

  2. Description (Optional but recommended) — A human-readable explanation that helps the AI understand when to select this option.

    • Example for a "positive" option: "The customer explicitly expressed satisfaction, thanked the agent, or indicated the issue was resolved to their liking."

Warning: Option values become permanently locked once you enable the question for backfill. You will not be able to change, rename, or delete option values after that point. Descriptions remain editable, but the values themselves are permanent. Plan your option values carefully before proceeding.

Validation Rules

  • All option values are required.

  • Option values must be unique within the question.

  • Option values must be unique across your entire account.

  • Option values must contain only lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores.

  • Basic Score questions must have exactly 4 options.

  • Two-Choice questions must have exactly 2 options, and they must be different.

If any validation fails, you will see an error message explaining what needs to be corrected.


Step 4: Review and Refine Options

After creating your question and options, you will land on the Option Context page. A confirmation message will appear: "Question created! Review your options below and submit for AI review when ready."

On this page you can:

  • Edit the question name, AI prompt, and additional context in the Configuration section.

  • Edit option values (only while the question has not been enabled for backfill).

  • Edit option descriptions at any time.

  • Add context to individual options to improve AI accuracy.

You will see a status indicator:

  • "Options are editable" (blue) — You can still change option values.

  • "Options are locked" (yellow) — The question has been enabled for backfill and option values can no longer be changed.

Take the time to review everything carefully. Once you are satisfied with your question and options, proceed to the AI Review step.


Step 5: Submit for AI Review

At the bottom of the Option Context page, you will see an AI Review panel with a yellow banner indicating that AI Review is required before you can enable the question for backfill.

What the AI Reviews

When you click "Submit for AI Review", the AI evaluates your question and options for:

  • Clarity and specificity — Is the question clear enough for consistent AI interpretation?

  • Mutual exclusivity — Are the options distinct enough that only one should apply per ticket?

  • Coverage — Do the options cover all likely scenarios?

  • Description quality — Are the option descriptions helpful and practical?

During the Review

  • The review typically takes a few seconds to a couple of minutes.

  • The page will show real-time progress updates.

Note: It is recommended that you stay on the page during the AI review. The review runs in the background, so if you do navigate away, you can return and refresh the page after about a minute to check the status.

Interpreting the Results

After the review completes, you will see feedback with an overall assessment:

  • Good — Your question is well-structured and ready to go.

  • Needs Improvement — The AI identified areas to refine. Review the suggestions and consider updating your question, descriptions, or option definitions.

  • Problematic — Significant issues were found. You should address the feedback before proceeding.

The feedback will include specific strengths, issues, and suggestions. Use these to refine your question if needed.

Note: If the AI review encounters a technical issue, the system will still mark the review as complete with generic feedback so that you are not blocked. You can proceed, but consider reviewing your question carefully on your own.

Once the AI review is complete, the "Enable for Backfill" button will appear.


Step 6: Enable for Backfill

Click the green "Enable for Backfill" button to finalize your question.

What Happens When You Enable for Backfill

  • The question becomes available as a selection in dashboard widgets that support QQ backfills.

  • The question source changes to "Backfillable Custom" in the system.

  • Option values are permanently locked. You can still edit descriptions, the AI prompt, and additional context, but the option value identifiers cannot be changed.

Warning: Enabling for backfill is a one-way action. There is no "undo" button. Make sure your option values are exactly what you want before clicking this button.

A confirmation message will appear: "Question is now enabled for backfill! You can select it from dashboard widgets."


Step 7: Run a Backfill

Now that your question is enabled for backfill, you can run it against historical tickets.

  1. Navigate to your Dynamic Dashboard.

  2. Open a dashboard widget that supports QQ backfill.

  3. In the widget settings, find the Qualitative Question dropdown and select your backfillable question.

  4. Trigger the backfill.

The system will respond with:

  • A success message confirming the backfill was initiated.

  • A backfill ID for tracking.

  • Your queue position — backfills are processed one at a time per account in a first-in, first-out (FIFO) order. If another backfill is already running, yours will be queued.

  • The current status of the backfill.

Note: Only one backfill can be actively processing per account at a time. If you trigger multiple backfills, they will be queued and processed in the order they were created.


Step 8: Monitor Your Backfill

Navigate to the Backfill Management page to monitor your backfill progress.

Daily Limit

At the top of the page, a banner displays your daily usage:

"X / 30,000 tickets processed today (Y%). Limit resets at midnight UTC."

Important: Each account can process a maximum of 30,000 tickets per day across all backfills. When the daily limit is reached, any in-progress backfill will be automatically paused and will resume the following day after midnight UTC.

Backfill Status

The management page shows a table with the following information for each backfill:

Column

Description

Status

Current state of the backfill (see below)

QQ Name

The qualitative question being evaluated

Dashboard

The dashboard widget that triggered the backfill

Tickets

Total number of tickets in the backfill set

Progress

Percentage of tickets processed

Created By

The user who triggered the backfill

Created At

When the backfill was initiated

ETA

Estimated time to completion

Actions

Available actions for the backfill

Status Badges

Status

Color

Meaning

Queued

Blue

Waiting for another backfill to finish

Processing

Yellow

Actively analyzing tickets

Completed

Green

All tickets have been processed

Error

Red

Something went wrong — contact your admin

Paused

Orange

Daily limit reached; will auto-resume tomorrow

Cancelled

Gray

Manually cancelled by a user

Available Actions

  • Cancel — Available for backfills that are Queued or Processing. Cancelling a backfill stops future processing, but any tickets already analyzed will retain their results.

  • Delete — Available for backfills that are Completed, Errored, or Cancelled. Removes the backfill record from the list.

Note: If a backfill appears to be stuck (no progress for an extended period), contact your Qvasa account manager for assistance.


Tips for Writing Effective Questions

Craft a Clear, Specific AI Prompt

  • Be explicit about what to look for. Instead of "Was the customer happy?", try "Based on the customer's messages, did the customer express satisfaction with the resolution? Consider explicit statements of thanks, confirmation that the issue was resolved, or positive sentiment in the final messages."

  • Define the scope. Specify whether the AI should consider only customer messages, only agent messages, or the entire conversation.

  • Handle edge cases. Tell the AI what to do when the answer is ambiguous. For example: "If the conversation was cut short or the customer did not respond to the resolution, classify as Unknown."

Design Mutually Exclusive Options

  • Each option should represent a clearly distinct outcome. There should be minimal overlap.

  • Include a fallback option (like "Unknown" or "Not Applicable") for cases that do not fit the other categories.

  • Bad example: Options satisfied and very_satisfied — too similar, the AI may not distinguish consistently.

  • Good example: Options satisfied, neutral, dissatisfied, unknown — each covers a distinct range.

Use Descriptive Option Descriptions

  • The descriptions help the AI understand when to select each option. Treat them as instructions.

  • Include examples of what each option looks like in a real conversation.

  • Example description for "negative": "The customer expressed frustration, anger, or dissatisfaction. This includes complaints about wait time, unresolved issues, or requests to speak with a supervisor."

Choose Meaningful Option Values

  • Option values appear in reports and data exports, so make them readable.

  • Use descriptive, lowercase terms with underscores: agent_offered_discount, no_discount_offered, customer_satisfied.

  • Avoid generic values like option_1, option_2 — these will be confusing in reports.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Vague questions — "How was the interaction?" is too open-ended. Be specific about what dimension you are measuring.

  • Overlapping options — If two options could reasonably apply to the same conversation, the AI will be inconsistent.

  • Missing fallback option — Always include an option for when the answer is unclear or the data is insufficient.

  • Overly long option values — Keep them concise but descriptive. Remember the 60-character limit.

  • Forgetting that option values are account-wide unique — If you have another question using the value positive, you cannot reuse that value in a new question. Consider prefixing: csat_positive, quality_positive.


FAQ / Troubleshooting

Why don't I see the "Create" buttons on the AI Analysis page?

All three of the following must be true:

  1. The QQ Backfills feature must be enabled for your account (by your Qvasa account manager).

  2. Your user must have the QQ Backfills permission (set by your account admin).

  3. Your user must have an Admin or Owner role.

If any of these are missing, the buttons will not appear. There is no error message — the buttons are simply hidden. Contact your account admin or Qvasa account manager to verify your permissions.

I get an error that my option value "already exists in your account."

Option values must be unique across your entire account, not just within a single question. If another question already uses the value positive, you will need to choose a different value. Try prefixing with a short identifier, e.g., csat_positive or tone_positive.

My display name is rejected as "already taken."

Question display names must also be unique within your account. Choose a different name or add a distinguishing qualifier.

The AI review is taking a long time.

AI review typically completes within a couple of minutes. If it seems stuck, try refreshing the page. The review continues in the background regardless of whether you stay on the page. If it still has not completed after a few minutes, the system will automatically mark it as reviewed so you can proceed.

Can I edit my question after enabling it for backfill?

Yes, partially. You can edit:

  • The question display name

  • The AI prompt (question for the AI)

  • Additional context

  • Option descriptions

You cannot edit:

  • Option values (permanently locked)

Can I cancel a running backfill?

Yes. Go to the Backfill Management page and click "Cancel" next to the backfill. Any tickets that were already processed will retain their results. Only unprocessed tickets will be skipped.

My backfill was paused. What happened?

Your account has reached the daily limit of 30,000 tickets. The backfill will automatically resume after midnight UTC when the daily counter resets. No action is needed on your part.

I triggered a backfill but it says "Queued."

Only one backfill can be actively processing per account at a time. Your backfill is in the queue and will start automatically when the current backfill completes, errors out, or is cancelled.

I get a "You do not have permission" error when trying to trigger a backfill.

Verify that you have the QQ Backfills permission and an Admin or Owner role. Contact your account admin if you are unsure.


Limits and Constraints Reference

Constraint

Limit

Daily ticket processing limit

30,000 tickets per account per day

Daily limit reset time

Midnight UTC

Concurrent backfills per account

1 (additional backfills are queued)

Question display name length

40 characters maximum

Option value length

60 characters maximum

Option value format

Lowercase letters, numbers, and underscores only (a-z, 0-9, _)

Option value uniqueness

Must be unique across the entire account

Display name uniqueness

Must be unique within the account

Basic Score question options

Exactly 4

Two-Choice question options

Exactly 2

Maximum options per question

20

AI review timeout

Approximately 2 minutes

Option value editability

Editable until the question is enabled for backfill, then permanently locked

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